Category Archives: Georgia

Lost notebooks

It has been ages since my last blog post, but I have decided to once again continue writing up my ideas, my observations and my unasked-for opinions, and trust them to the internet. It has been said that the internet never forgets. I don’t know about that but never is an awfully long time.

Since my last entry, I have left Georgia and spent about a year in neighbouring Armenia where I volunteered to teach the Armenian people English. The Armenian people said sure, when do you want to start? So I got down to it and had a lovely time in the process.

Since then the pandemic has much abated and I have started to move again. Currently, I live in Varna, a town in Bulgaria on the Black Sea coast, where I have taken a room in a nice hostel with friendly people and a deaf dog. Unfortunately, I left my notebooks somewhere with friends, so I’ll just have to trust on my unreliable memory and some fragments that I had stored left and right on my decrepit laptop.

So I’ll start with some notes on Georgia before moving on to Armenia.

Georgia has a long history going back all the way to references in Greek mythology where the country is mentioned as Colchis, the land of the golden fleece.  This fleece was what the Greek hero Jason and his glorious Argonauts were after. It was in the possession of King Aeëtes, the legendary founder of Colchis, who kept it hidden in a grove. Jason and his fellow Argonauts sailed to Colchis and cunningly won the favour of the king’s daughter, Medea, to steal the fleece. They then sailed back across the Black Sea to Greece. Jason and Medea got married and the fleece was used to keep the dog warm during the cold winter days. I haven’t read the whole story. It is spectacularly complicated.

Pliny the Elder also wrote about Colchis as a region that was known to be rich in gold. The idea of a golden fleece is thought to originate from the wool of a sheep which was used by the ancient natives of Colchis for filtering gold dust from mountain streams. Pliny the Elder, incidentally, wrote the first encyclopedia which was as hugely informative as it was inaccurate. It was the primitive first edition of Wikipedia cobbled together by this Roman know-it-all and his assistants. Some of the stuff he wrote is crazier than apeshit. Seriously… Pliny the Elder also died in a most unusual way when he got himself killed by a volcano.

Another fascinating aspect of Georgian history goes even further back in time. I am referring here to its reputation as the birthplace of wine. Archaeologists found here the oldest evidence of winemaking dating back to 8000 years ago, which was well before the Egyptians built their pyramids. Interestingly, not far south of Georgia is Mount Ararat where according to the biblical narrative the Ark of Noah came to a rest after the flood waters receded. Noah was famously the first drunk. Genesis 9:21 states: And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent. A rather scandalous affair if you ask me. Walking around naked in your own tent. Thou shalt not…. Genesis twenty-mumble thirty-mumble….

Here is a picture of Noah coming down Mount Ararat.

With his family and a gazillion animals. This painting is done by Hovhannes Aivazovsky, but unfortunately on a hazy day. It would have been interesting to see the lions who supposedly march somewhere in that crowd. You can see this painting in the National Museum in Yerevan.

Wine in present-day Georgia is very cheap, especially the large plastic bottles of Rkatsiteli, a white wine that seems to vary wildly in taste and colour. Sometimes it is fruity and very light, almost colourless, and at other times it is dark with a taste that is almost akin to sherry. I suspect that Rkatsiteli means something like put together leftovers in Georgian.

This brings me to Kartuli, the language spoken by most Georgians. Kartuli is not related to any other known language. Georgia itself is known as ‘Sakartvelo’ meaning the land of the Kartvelians.

So far, I haven’t made any attempts to learn Kartuli. It is rather intimidating: it has 7 different noun cases and because of that, every word seems to have an unreasonable number of consonants. When I was reading about the language, I found, quite surprisingly, a Wikipedia site on Georgian profanities.

For example shen q’verebs venatsvale! ( შენ ყვერებს ვენაცვალე!) literally means “I adore your balls”. According to the author of this article, it is often used as an expression of admiration from a parent to a son. I would advise extreme caution in using this expression.

During the Covid crisis, I read An American Tragedy, a classic by American author Theodore Dreiser. It’s about this guy who kills his wife while on a boating trip on a lake in America. It’s all quite tragic as could be expected from the title. After I had finished his novel I found out that Dreiser had travelled in Asia in 1927 and, among other cities, had visited Tbilisi, or Teflis as it was known back then.

He wrote:

Our porter found a wretched old automobile, the fat driver started the engine and we had to bargain with him above the deafening clatter. He asked five roubles to the Hotel Orient. We had to accept and rattled along the streets to the hotel. When it came to paying him he asked 7, saying that he charged two roubles for the baggage. We refused to pay it. He bellowed, although the engine was not going. We referred the case to the hotel man, and finally he accepted the five roubles.

Taxi drivers will always be taxi drivers.

I also read Scott Fitzgerald’s The Beautiful and Damned. This has nothing to do with Georgia.

Wikipedia has some good info on his wife Zelda Fitzgerald, who was the inspiration for some of his female characters. She was a writer too. Here is a recipe of hers: See if there is any bacon, and if there is, ask the cook which pan to fry it in. Then ask if there are any eggs and if so try and persuade the cook to poach two of them. It is better not to attempt toast, as it burns very easily.

Here is another of her quotes: All I want to be is very young always and very irresponsible and to feel that my life is my own to live and be happy and die in my own way to please myself.

Don’t we all?

Mkhedruli

Georgians have a language almost nobody outside their country understands and it is written in a script called Mkhedruli. With the possible exception of Mordor, it is uniquely used for the Georgian languages (yes, there are more than one) and few people other than the speakers of those languages can make anything of it. The origins of the alphabet are obscure and there is some controversy whether or not it is invented by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian scholar who had a habit of inventing alphabets on the fly. Most Georgians say not.

Getting your eyes tested in Georgia.
(I made this up)

I’ve undertaken a modest effort to try and learn the Georgian script. Often when walking through the city, my eyes wander around and I try to decode texts that I see. One day when I walked through Barnov Street, I could make out four letters in a boutique window: ო დ რ ი and I figured it was ‘odri’. That didn’t make much sense but then, almost nothing in Georgian would make much sense to me. Then I noticed an English name in the window: Audrey, and once again I realised how very satisfying it is if something clicks when you learn something new.

Other words I came across:

Tibisi = TBC bank.
Viski = Whisky
Aisi = Icy (Georgian beer)

Proper nouns and loan words are good examples of why learning a foreign alphabet is a good idea even if you can’t speak the language itself. When travelling around the former Soviet republics in the past, I found it very useful to have learnt the Cyrillic alphabet in order to decipher geographical names, read the menu, or indeed, find the toilet (туалет, or ‘tualet’, in Russian). Cyrillic, of course, has the additional benefit in that it is used for many other languages, including exotic ones like Mongolian and some others that I forgot.

The order of the letters in the Mkhedruli alphabet is based on the Greek alphabet and the consonants that have no Greek equivalent come at the end. These are the ones that represent all those guttural and hissing sounds that make little or no sense to most foreigners and I must admit that I don’t know all of them. The alphabet consists of 33 letters, but I think 20 or so would have been quite adequate.

Sign in the German quarter.

Hills around Tbilisi

A short hike in the hills to the southwest of Tbilisi.

The weather wasn’t great but it felt glorious to be away from the apartment, away from the city, and to breathe freely without a face mask.

These are the foothills of the Lower Caucasus which run east west and connect to the mountains of Eastern Anatolia and the Armenian highland.

Reaching the snow line
More snow as I climb higher
My worn out shoes did fine
On top of the small ridge
Snow, deep on the ground and the trees

Certified teacher…

Next time I travel and I have to fill out a form which asks for my profession, I will proudly write ‘teacher’.

Despite having almost zero experience in an actual classroom.

A few days ago I passed the final exam of my TEFL course with a 90 percent score. Earlier I had passed the so called grammar exam with the maximum score, and not much later my assignment to write a lesson plan was accepted on my first attempt. All that, meant that I had obtained an “A” pass, or, in other words, that I had passed with distinction.

Yeah….

Now I have to think of what to have for dinner today.

Because, you see, life as an unemployed English teacher is not that different.

Present continuous

Working on my reading comprehension.

Books I read in the last half year or so.

Otherwise not much news. I am making steady progress with my TEFL course and I am now busy writing a lesson plan for the present continuous.

Some time ago I took the Grammar Exam which is a graded exam and for which you are allowed 3 attempts. Fortunately, I only needed one attempt because I scored the full 30 points for 30 questions.

After I finish the assignment I only need to pass the Final Exam and I am done…

Relaunch

Finally started my TEFL course. The acronym stands for Teaching English as a Foreign Language. It’s a 150 hour online course and I am diligently working my way through it. So far it’s not very difficult and it’s fun to do.

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Studying on the balcony

Sometimes, later in the day, the coffee is replaced by a glass of delicious Georgian wine. A lot of the reading through the syllabus I actually do on my phone.

At the moment I am not quite sure about the time frame and when I will finish the course, but I make good progress.

Tbilisi to Yerevan

Trains in the Caucasus still have the old Soviet division of classes: platzkart, kupe and spalny. The latter is sometimes abbreviated as SV, meaning spalny vagon, which is a first class compartment with two berths. Kupe is the second class compartment with four berths and both have doors to close the compartment. The class difference is apparently only the number of berths but I have never travelled spalny so I can’t be sure on this. Mostly I travel platskart which is an open dormitory style carriage. The etymology of this terminology is fascinating. Spalny is Russian for bedroom. Vagon is obviously a cognate of waggon or wagon and ultimately derives from Dutch wagen, entering the Russian language via English and French. Kupe is of course from the French coupé and platzkart is from German Platzkarte, meaning reserved-seat ticket.

Another reminder of the region’s recent history is that the tickets are all written in Cyrillic which suggests that the software that is used for issuing international tickets is still Russian.

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Besides the etymology I derive great pleasure from trying to decipher the Cyrillic alphabet. Especially false cognates in the alphabet I find intriguing : EPEBAH = EREVAN. My favourite example is a word that is ubiquitous as it is confounding: pectopah which transliterates as restoran, or simply restaurant. Exactly why St. Cyril, when he invented the alphabet, thought messing up perfectly functional existing letters was a good idea is beyond me.

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Platzkart class

The central train station in Tbilisi is now a shopping centre and under the parking area is another sprawling bazaar. There was a small waiting area that was comfortable and warm. The train from Tbilisi to Yerevan consisted only of three carriages and the platzkart one was unadorned but functional and warm.

I shared my open compartment with a Japanese student. He would only have one day in Yerevan because his credit card had been stolen in Tbilisi and it had taken all of the days he had left for travelling to get it replaced. When the lights went out and I could no longer read my book, I went to the provodnik at the far end of the carriage to ask for bed sheets and a pillow cover. I asked the Japanese if he wanted any but he said he was fine and curled up in his down jacket and went to sleep on the bare bunk. Provodniks are another pillar of ex-Soviet train travel and are the sovereign rulers of their domain. They provide services, answer questions (in Russian) and often have a samovar for hot water.

When we arrived at the border the lights switched on again. The provodnik came to collect our passports but a few minutes later he came back and signalled me to come with him. On the icy platform he motioned me to a small counter where I had to wait together with a small group of Frenchmen who travelled in kupe. After receiving my exit-stamp I returned to my carriage and waited for the train to start moving again.

On the Armenian side we were visited by Armenian customs and a man in uniform carried something that looked like an enigma coding machine. He put it down and started working on it. Without problems I got stamped in and that was it.

In the early morning we arrived at Yerevan and I walked through the monumental but glacial entrance hall.

After drawing  money from the ATM machine I was approached by a taxi driver who told me that the metro wasn’t running yet as it was Saturday morning and that is was minus nine degrees centigrade outside. So I took the stairs to the metro, bought a ticket for a hundred drams and twenty minutes later resurfaced at Republic Square in the city centre.

At the hostel I found a bed and was provided with breakfast.

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Breakfast in the hostel

 

 

 

 

Gori and Stalin

From Tbilisi I took a mashrutka to Gori. The journey took just under an hour and since the weather was beautiful I had a nice view from the car window of the Greater Caucasus in the distance to the north. According to some geographers the watershed of this range forms the border between Europe and Asia and firmly puts Georgia in the latter continent. This is contrary to the Georgian perspective as it prefers to see itself as part of Europe and, to give them credit, Tbilisi very much feels like a European city.

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View of the Greater Caucasus from Gori castle

Gori is the birthplace of Ioseb Besarionidze Jughashvili, otherwise known as Joseph Stalin.  The city has a monument to his house of birth in the form of a modest hovel enshrined in a Soviet style monument. Otherwise, there is not much to see as the house itself is not open to the public. The house is small and it shows that his family wasn’t exactly wealthy. Stalin’s early life reads like an adventure story. He was a revolutionary who had ideals and more than once put his life on the line for those ideals. Throughout his early career as a revolutionist in the Russian Empire he was deported to Siberia on numerous occasions. This was when he robbed banks and wrote poetry. Stalin wrote poetry. Who would have thought?

The pinkish bud has opened,
Rushing to the pale-blue violet
And, stirred by a light breeze,
The lily of the valley has bent over the grass.

It might have lost some in translation but on the whole it is not quite as violent as one might have expected. A second stanza went on about birds. Flowers and birds. A very expressive bloke, Stalin was, with a lyrical streak.

After that, war, famines, terror and death.

Next to his birthplace was the Stalin museum which housed a treasure trove of Stalin memorabilia. Here there were many photographs, paintings and sculptures of the era on display that glorified Stalin as a hero of the Soviet empire. A small room showed his work desk with telephones and other paraphernalia that looked as if he could come back any moment. Another room was dedicated to all the gifts he had received in his time from Soviet republics and foreign nations. This included a pair of neatly red painted wooden shoes sent with kind regards from the Communist Party of the Netherlands.

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Striking portrait of  Stalin as a young man

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Stalin and Lenin conspiring to overthrow the Tsarist government

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Stalin telling workers to produce more locomotives

Not far from Gori are the caves of Uplistsikhe on a little promontory overseeing the river. Another mashrutka for just one lari brought me there. From the town of Uplistsikhe it’s a short walk across the bridge to the caves. The caves themselves were a little underwhelming as there wasn’t much in the form of decoration  but they made for an enjoyable scramble.

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Secret entrance to the cave

I forgot to say that the lari is the Georgian currency and there are roughly three laris in a euro.

Tbilisi National Gallery

The National Gallery of Georgia is housed in one of those monumental buildings along Rustaveli Boulevard. This street forms the central artery of Tbilisi, which, with its grandeur, can be seen as the Champs-Élysées of the city. The entrance is at the back where shady trees and sculptures adorn a pleasant public park.

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Most of the museum is dedicated to the work of Georgian artists.

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Shalva Kikodze – In Café Shantan, 1920

The above painting was probably my favourite artwork in the collection. It was done by the young painter Shalva Kikodze when he lived in Paris. I am not sure if the title refers to the actual name of the establishment or if it is the Georgian rendering of a café-chantant, a popular type of venue at the time. Kikodze was sent to Paris by the Society of Georgian Artists in 1919. Apparently, they didn’t give him a lot of money or maybe the ruble wasn’t as strong as it used to be. Kikodze complained about the cold: I feel good, he wrote, apart from a lack of money. I spend too much money.  It’s very cold in my room. My nose and feet are completely frozen, as well as my chimney… But he felt good.

Kikodze started drawing at around the same time when he started talking. Unfortunately his nanny dropped him when he was only 3 years old and he injured his right hand. The rest of his life he had to draw and paint with his left hand. In 1921 he moved to Freiburg in Germany where he died of tuberculosis at the tender age of 27. His grave was lost. Or maybe not. I don’t know. I can’t go on worrying about Georgian artists who are left-handed and dead and buried.

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Shalva Kikodze – Self portrait, 1920

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Ketevan Maghalashvili – Portrait of Nato Vachnadze

The painter of this portrait, Ketevan Maghalashvili, was, surprisingly, a woman. I had to look that up. Why on earth would she be so cruel as to portray this woman with a moustache? The sitter, Nato Vachnadze, was an actress who grew to fame in the Soviet Union and who was rewarded the Stalin Prize for her work. She died in a plane crash in 1953. Shortly before her death she received a visit from famous writer and poet Boris Pasternak. He wrote: Your beauty evokes a desire to kneel down before you!
Nothing about her moustache though.

Other than paintings there were also some works of Iakob Nikoladze on display. Nikoladze was a Georgian sculptor who was an assistant of Auguste Rodin in the years 1905-06. By this time Rodin was a famous name and he wasn’t much concerned with sculpting himself. Rather, he made clay models, or sometimes even just a drawing, and left the sculpting to his assistants. This meant that some of his sculptures were actually done by assistents like Nikoladze apart from maybe a few finishing touches by the master. So, next time you see a Rodin, think of that…

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Iacob Nikoladze with Lime, master of Rodin, Studio of Rodin, Medon, 1905-06

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My sketch

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Another sketch I made after Nikoladze

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Lado Gudiashvili  –  Citizens of Paris, 1921

Lado Gudiashvili was an influential Georgian painter who also painted the frescoes in the Kashveti church in 1947. This church is located next door to the National Gallery.

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Niko Pirosmanashvili – Woman with Beer Mug, 1909

Pirosmanashvili was arguably Georgia’s most famous painter but I am not a big fan of his work. He died in 1918 from poverty and starvation with little recognition. Being an artist wasn’t easy back then. Anyway, we still  have the Woman with Beer Mug…

 

 

Tbilisi Sioni Cathedral

The history of this cathedral in Old Tbilisi is one of destruction and reconstruction. It was first built in 639 and subsequently destroyed by the Arabs in the 8th century followed by the Khwarezmians in 1226. Timur the Great wrecked the church in 1386 and the Persians in 1522 and again in the 17th century. It was devastated by an earthquake in 1668 and severely damaged again by the Persians in 1795 who really didn’t like it.

The Georgians stubbornly rebuilt it each time.

When I visited a wedding was just on its way. The priest was performing the rites and a small choir was singing. Together with the sweet smell of incense it made for a nice atmosphere. I took a few pictures and after my previous exploits at the Kashveti Church I feel I am quickly on my way to become an accompished wedding photographer.

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The central dome of the church

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Traditionally dressed for the ceremony

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